Although he had participated in weapon training in , as part of his initial training, he had never had weapon training subsequently, and as a medic he is usually considered a non-combatant, according to the Geneva Convention. At the beginning of the course, he asked to be re-rolled to non-combatant duties, but he was given the order to draw a weapon, and to commence weapon training, which he politely refused, based on his conscientious objection.
The case highlights several problems with Britain's regulations for conscientious objectors. Already in , WRI wrote in a report to the United Nations Human Rights Committee: " It has to be pointed out that for all three services an application for discharge on grounds of conscience does not prevent deployment.
During the time the application is being processed, the applicant remains a member of the Armed Forces with all duties this implies. There is no right to ask for service without arms during the processing of the CO application. The order to commence weapon training effectively trapped Michael Lyons. Would he have obeyed the order, it could have been seen as undermining his application for conscientious objection, besides being against his moral and ethical beliefs.
But disobeying the order landed him in court, and brought him a sentence of seven month detention, reduction in rank, and dismissal from the Royal Navy. However, at that time Michael Lyons would have reluctantly followed an order to deploy to Afghanistan as a medic, without weapons, even though he thought the war was unjust. You can find a full list of cookies utilised by Google analytics here. Hotjar - These cookies are used to help track how visitors use and interact with our Site.
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You can find a full list of cookies utilised by Hotjar here. You can change the above settings for this browser at any time by clicking the Terms of use, cookie policy and copyright link in the footer of the site. Archives and Library Sculpture Research Library. Back to Artists' Lives project Michael Lyons. Michael Lyons at work in his Studio Image courtesy the artist.
Photo: Jerry Hardman-Jones. Close Share this page. Close Sign-up for emails. Enter your email. Remember Me? Confirm email. The object, or 'specific object' in Donald Judd's terminology, proposes a nostalgic, compact, centripetal idea of the sculptural experience modelled on our prosaic dealings with a wide inventory of finite and bounded entities that comprise the furniture of the world.
For all their revolutionary impact on the social category of 'art' such works are relatively conservative in sculptural terms, compared to the advances Picasso had made by , for example, the year Duchamp visited his local hardware shop to buy his first unassisted readymade. On the other hand, the urinal, the tent, the box must remain as objects in order to make their institutionally provocative art historical statements, in denial of the expansionist force which Picasso's pieces let loose.
At the expense of perverting the intentions of Krauss's essay, which was very much about the s, it could be argued that Picasso's work of inaugurates the genre of 'sculpture in the expanded field', whose later exponents include David Smith and Anthony Caro. Following the organizing principles of cubism, Picasso divided the whole object into an alternating pattern of positive elements and negative spaces.
The problem was how to hold 'post-object' sculpture together while acknowledging the tendency of its constituent elements to pull apart. The increased distance between articulated components, indeed the way, especially with the widespread use of welding, components themselves were separately recognizable, in contrast to the continuous, fused, inflected formal language of earlier sculpture, had to be highlighted as a stylistic asset.
Sculpture in this, rather than the Kraussian expanded field, also enforced different, jerkier habits of viewing, simply because of the gaps and discontinuities in its fabric.
Michael Lyons' sculpture operates in this alternative definition of the 'expanded field'. His choice of material places it very firmly in the hot metal category, with a methodological emphasis on welded steel construction, producing the
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