Noninfectious meningitis is a type of aseptic meningitis meningitis caused by something other than the bacteria that typically cause acute meningitis. Noninfectious meningitis is caused by disorders that are not infections or by drugs or vaccines. Overall, these conditions are uncommon causes of meningitis. Disorders that most commonly cause noninfectious meningitis include disorders that cause inflammation, such as the inflammation that occurs when the body's immune system malfunctions and attacks the body's own tissues autoimmune disorders.
Such disorders include rheumatoid arthritis Rheumatoid Arthritis RA Rheumatoid arthritis is an inflammatory arthritis in which joints, usually including those of the hands and feet, are inflamed, resulting in swelling, pain, and often destruction of joints Problems in the Drugs that can cause noninfectious meningitis include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs NSAIDs and certain antibiotics.
Noninfectious meningitis due to NSAIDs may occur in people who have autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosus lupus.
Noninfectious meningitis may also develop after a brain cyst ruptures and the fluid in it leaks into the subarachnoid space. Such cysts may be present at birth or be caused by a tapeworm infection called cysticercosis Tapeworm Infection Tapeworm infection of the intestine occurs mainly when people eat raw or undercooked contaminated pork, beef, or freshwater fish or, for the dwarf tapeworm, contaminated food or water. Usually, noninfectious meningitis causes symptoms that are similar to those of bacterial meningitis but are milder and may develop more slowly.
Symptoms include headache, a stiff neck, and often fever. When the neck becomes stiff, lowering the chin to chest becomes painful. Doctors suspect meningitis when people have a headache and stiff neck, particularly with fever. They then try to determine whether meningitis is bacterial requiring immediate treatment or not. Cryptococcal meningitis is caused by a type of fungus which is found in the soil and bird droppings This type of meningitis mainly affects people with a weakened immune system e.
HIV positive or people taking immunosuppressive drugs It is not contagious, meaning that it cannot be spread from person to person Symptoms may develop over several weeks and include headache, fever, nausea and vomiting, dislike of bright lights and altered mental state People with cryptococcal meningitis are treated with antifungal medication.
Some will require life-long maintenance treatment to help prevent recurrence. Meningitis may also develop due to systemic lupus erythematosus SLE or lupus , anatomical defects or brain surgery Anatomical defects and brain surgery can result in open wounds or spaces which make it easier for bacteria that can cause meningitis to directly infect the meninges and cause disease. However these causes of meningitis are rare Been affected by a rare type of meningitis?
Viral meningitis. August 6, Transmission of measles. Updated Ebola: A review and focus on neurologic manifestations. J Neurol Sci. Zika transmission. World Health Organization.
Meningococcal meningitis. Clinical syndromes or conditions warranting empiric transmission-based precautions in addition to standard precautions. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.
Listeria and pregnancy. Bacterial meningitis. Updated August 6, BCG vaccine. Updated May 4, CNS fungal infections: A review. Parasitic meningitis. A review of Listeria monocytogenes from meat and meat products: Epidemiology, virulence factors, antimicrobial resistance and diagnosis. Onderstepoort J Vet Res. Your Privacy Rights. To change or withdraw your consent choices for VerywellHealth. At any time, you can update your settings through the "EU Privacy" link at the bottom of any page.
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I Accept Show Purposes. Table of Contents View All. Table of Contents. Viral Meningitis. Bacterial Meningitis. Fungal Meningitis. Parasitic Meningitis. Other Types of Meningitis. They are:. Bacterial meningitis happens when a bacterial infection spreads to the meninges surrounding the brain. Severe cases can cause death in just a few hours or days. A person with bacterial meningitis may already be sick from another illness. The infection may have progressed to meningitis if they develop these symptoms :.
People with meningitis, including bacterial meningitis, may have Kernig sign , which is a specific type of stiff neck. While a person lays on their back, a doctor will ask a person to bend their knees and move their thighs up against the abdomen. When a doctor or other person attempts to extend the legs, it may cause intense low back or thigh pain.
Another stiff neck sign is the Brudzinski sign. A person lies flat on their back and a healthcare professional flexes the neck up and forward. The test is positive and suggests meningitis if this causes a person to flex their hips and knees. Treatment for bacterial meningitis involves using antibiotics to kill the suspected bacteria. A doctor may first prescribe several broad spectrum antibiotics, then change the treatment once laboratory tests confirm which kind of bacteria has affected the meninges.
People with bacterial meningitis may need to stay in the hospital for observation and additional care, such as breathing support and intravenous IV fluids. The viral infections that cause viral meningitis do not normally lead to meningitis in healthy people. Babies, the elderly, and people with weak immune systems are more vulnerable to meningitis infections from certain viruses. Those viruses include :. A person cannot distinguish viral meningitis from other forms of this disease based on symptoms alone.
Antibiotics will not treat viral meningitis or the infections that cause it, though a doctor may give a person antibiotics until it is possible to fully rule out a bacterial infection. In many cases, people with viral meningitis do not need any specific treatment. In some cases, a person may need supportive care such as fluids, help breathing, or observation in a hospital.
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