You need to find a balance between a more in depth approach and a more shallow approach 1. You need to figure out if what you are trying to learn needs to be put into your brain for a long time or not.
This will help you in determining how you should study the new information. If you need to make information stay in your brain for a long time, boy do I have an answer for you! Have you ever wondered why you can keep repeating the same thing over and over in your head to try and remember it, just to forget it a few minutes later?
Yeah, stop doing that! If you can remember similar information that you already have and build a connection between that and the new information, you will be able to remember that new information much easier 3.
If you use elaborative rehearsal during your studying, you will be able to put the information you are trying to learn deeper into your brain and this lets you be able to use it for a longer amount of time 4. Everyone has a short term memory and a long term memory. Short term memory can also be referred to as working memory. Short term memory alone, will not be helpful for being able to remember information for tests because the information is not going to be stored in your brain long enough.
This is where elaborative rehearsal can come in to save the day! Elaborative rehearsal can be done in a few different ways. You can think of examples in your head about what you are trying to learn, create an image in your head about the new information, and you can use mnemonic devices 6. Mnemonic devices are special strategies that aid in improving memory by using information already stored in your long term memory 7.
If you are able to relate the information you are trying to learn to something you already know, that information will be stuck in your brain like glue. Lets say that you are trying to remember what words are in the category of o:ue stem changers in Spanish, which is where you change the o into a ue, but you just cannot seem to remember them all! You can create a mnemonic device and use the first letter of each word to create a phrase and this can facilitate elaborative rehearsal 6.
By using elaborative rehearsal here, it will help transfer that information into your long term memory, and thus, you will be able to remember it longer and use it on a test! You should also write notes from a lecture slide or study guide into your own words because this will help the information be transferred into your long term memory, which is the ultimate goal 6.
If you want to make the information stick even more, you can try teaching the information to someone else 6. Here are some examples of ways to use elaborative rehearsal in this task. While much of the research about elaborative rehearsal is related to students, there has also been some discussion about how this method may be useful for people in the early stages of dementia. Memory is often one of the first areas affected by Alzheimer's disease and other kinds of dementia. However, some research has shown that elaborative rehearsal strategies, such as using a simple mnemonic technique, can help compensate for those memory deficits and improve mental functioning in early dementia.
There are two types of rehearsal: maintenance and elaborative. Maintenance rehearsal simply involves repeating information out loud or in your head. Elaborative rehearsal is, well, more elaborate, and involves additional memory aids like mnemonic devices. Elaborative rehearsal is more effective for long-term memory retention.
By using memory aids—such as grouping, using images, or quizzing yourself on the information you need to learn—you are more likely to have a stronger long-term retention rate than you would if you used maintenance rehearsal. Studies have demonstrated that elaborative rehearsal is an effective way to retain information. That depends on what information you need to remember and for how long. While elaborative rehearsal has been shown to be effective for information that you want to remember long-term, there may be cases like a phone number when maintenance rehearsal may be appropriate.
Elaborative rehearsal can improve your ability to learn and later recall the information you learned. Rather than simply repeating facts that you're trying to learn, elaborative rehearsal can help you connect meaning to those facts and thus make them easier to remember. When it comes to Alzheimer's, the MIND diet has shown promise in reducing risk and promoting brain health. Kheirzadeh S, Pakzadian SS. Depth of processing and age differences.
J Psycholinguist Res. Consolidation of complex events via reinstatement in posterior cingulate cortex. J Neurosci. Goldstein EB. Cengage Learning; Mnemonic strategy training of the elderly at risk for dementia enhances integration of information processing via cross-frequency coupling. Alzheimers Dement N Y. National Institute on Aging. What are the signs of Alzheimer's disease? This technique works equally well if you just mouth the words.
These techniques can also be used to help you study. Based on the information presented in this chapter, here are some strategies and suggestions to help you hone your study techniques [link].
The key with any of these strategies is to figure out what works best for you. There are many ways to combat the inevitable failures of our memory system. Some common strategies that can be used in everyday situations include mnemonic devices, rehearsal, self-referencing, and adequate sleep.
These same strategies also can help you to study more effectively. What is the self-reference effect, and how can it help you study more effectively? The self-reference effect is the tendency an individual to have better memory for information that relates to oneself than information that is not personally relevant.
You can use the self-reference effect to relate the material to something you have already learned for another class, or think how you can apply the concepts to your life. When you do this, you are building a web of retrieval cues that will help you access the material when you want to remember it. You and your roommate spent all of last night studying for your psychology test. You think you know the material; however, you suggest that you study again the next morning an hour prior to the test.
Your roommate asks you to explain why you think this is a good idea. What do you tell her? Even if you think you know the material, you should study it again right before test time to increase the likelihood the information will remain in your memory.
Overlearning can help prevent storage decay. Create a mnemonic device to help you remember a term or concept from this chapter. What is an effective study technique that you have used? Skip to content [latexpage] Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Recognize and apply memory-enhancing strategies Recognize and apply effective study techniques. This is a knuckle mnemonic to help you remember the number of days in each month. Months with 31 days are represented by the protruding knuckles and shorter months fall in the spots between knuckles.
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